Syntaxe

Ce chapitre fournit une liste des commandes SQL de PostgreSQL, suivie des règles syntaxiques précises pour chacune de ces commandes. Cet ensemble de commandes est tiré de l'outil de ligne de commande psql. Maintenant que vous avez installé Postgres, ouvrez l'outil psql sous la forme :

Program Files → PostgreSQL 9.2 → SQL Shell(psql).

Avec psql, vous pouvez générer une liste complète des commandes en utilisant la commande \help. Pour connaître la syntaxe d'une commande spécifique, utilisez la commande suivante :

postgres-# \help <command_name>

The SQL Statement

Une instruction SQL est composée de jetons, chaque jeton pouvant représenter un mot-clé, un identifiant, un identifiant cité, une constante ou un symbole de caractère spécial. Le tableau ci-dessous utilise une simple instruction SELECT pour illustrer une instruction SQL de base, mais complète, et ses composants.

	SELECT	id, name	FROM	states
Type de jeton	Mot clé	Identifiers	Mot clé	Identifier
Description	Commande	Colonnes Id et Nom	Clause	Nom de la table

PostgreSQL SQL commands

ABORT

Abandonner la transaction en cours.

ABORT [ WORK | TRANSACTION ]

ALTER AGGREGATE

Modifiez la définition d'une fonction agrégée.

ALTER AGGREGATE name ( type ) RENAME TO new_name
ALTER AGGREGATE name ( type ) OWNER TO new_owner

ALTER DATABASE

Modifier un paramètre spécifique à une base de données.

ALTER DATABASE name SET parameter { TO | = } { value | DEFAULT }
ALTER DATABASE name RESET parameter
ALTER DATABASE name RENAME TO new_name
ALTER DATABASE name OWNER TO new_owner

ALTER DOMAIN

Modifier la définition d'un paramètre spécifique au domaine.

ALTER DOMAIN name { SET DEFAULT expression | DROP DEFAULT }
ALTER DOMAIN name { SET | DROP } NOT NULL
ALTER DOMAIN name ADD domain_constraint
ALTER DOMAIN name DROP CONSTRAINT constraint_name [ RESTRICT | CASCADE ]
ALTER DOMAIN name OWNER TO new_owner

ALTER FUNCTION

Modifier la définition d'une fonction.

ALTER FUNCTION name ( [ type [, ...] ] ) RENAME TO new_name
ALTER FUNCTION name ( [ type [, ...] ] ) OWNER TO new_owner

ALTER GROUP

Modifier un groupe d'utilisateurs.

ALTER GROUP groupname ADD USER username [, ... ]
ALTER GROUP groupname DROP USER username [, ... ]
ALTER GROUP groupname RENAME TO new_name

ALTER INDEX

Modifier la définition d'un indice.

ALTER INDEX name OWNER TO new_owner
ALTER INDEX name SET TABLESPACE indexspace_name
ALTER INDEX name RENAME TO new_name

ALTER LANGUAGE

Modifier la définition d'un langage procédural.

ALTER LANGUAGE name RENAME TO new_name

ALTER OPERATOR

Modifier la définition d'un opérateur.

ALTER OPERATOR name ( { lefttype | NONE }, { righttype | NONE } )
OWNER TO new_owner

ALTER OPERATOR CLASS

Modifier la définition d'une classe d'opérateurs.

ALTER OPERATOR CLASS name USING index_method RENAME TO new_name
ALTER OPERATOR CLASS name USING index_method OWNER TO new_owner

ALTER SCHEMA

Modifier la définition d'un schéma.

ALTER SCHEMA name RENAME TO new_name
ALTER SCHEMA name OWNER TO new_owner

ALTER SEQUENCE

Modifier la définition d'un générateur de séquence.

ALTER SEQUENCE name [ INCREMENT [ BY ] increment ]
[ MINVALUE minvalue | NO MINVALUE ]
[ MAXVALUE maxvalue | NO MAXVALUE ]
[ RESTART [ WITH ] start ] [ CACHE cache ] [ [ NO ] CYCLE ]

ALTER TABLE

Modifier la définition d'un tableau.

ALTER TABLE [ ONLY ] name [ * ]
action [, ... ]
ALTER TABLE [ ONLY ] name [ * ]
RENAME [ COLUMN ] column TO new_column
ALTER TABLE name
RENAME TO new_name

Où l'action est l'une des lignes suivantes :

ADD [ COLUMN ] column_type [ column_constraint [ ... ] ]
DROP [ COLUMN ] column [ RESTRICT | CASCADE ]
ALTER [ COLUMN ] column TYPE type [ USING expression ]
ALTER [ COLUMN ] column SET DEFAULT expression
ALTER [ COLUMN ] column DROP DEFAULT
ALTER [ COLUMN ] column { SET | DROP } NOT NULL
ALTER [ COLUMN ] column SET STATISTICS integer
ALTER [ COLUMN ] column SET STORAGE { PLAIN | EXTERNAL | EXTENDED | MAIN }
ADD table_constraint
DROP CONSTRAINT constraint_name [ RESTRICT | CASCADE ]
CLUSTER ON index_name
SET WITHOUT CLUSTER
SET WITHOUT OIDS
OWNER TO new_owner
SET TABLESPACE tablespace_name

ALTER TABLESPACE

Modifier la définition d'un tablespace.

ALTER TABLESPACE name RENAME TO new_name
ALTER TABLESPACE name OWNER TO new_owner

ALTER TRIGGER

Modifier la définition d'un déclencheur.

ALTER TRIGGER name ON table RENAME TO new_name

ALTER TYPE

Modifier la définition d'un type.

ALTER TYPE name OWNER TO new_owner

ALTER USER

Modifier un compte utilisateur de la base de données.

ALTER USER name [ [ WITH ] option [ ... ] ]
ALTER USER name RENAME TO new_name
ALTER USER name SET parameter { TO | = } { value | DEFAULT }
ALTER USER name RESET parameter

Où l'option peut être :

[ ENCRYPTED | UNENCRYPTED ] PASSWORD 'password'
| CREATEDB | NOCREATEDB
| CREATEUSER | NOCREATEUSER
| VALID UNTIL 'abstime'

ANALYZE

Collecter des statistiques sur une base de données.

ANALYZE [ VERBOSE ] [ table [ (column [, ...] ) ] ]

BEGIN

Démarrer un bloc de transaction.

BEGIN [ WORK | TRANSACTION ] [ transaction_mode [, ...] ]

Où transaction_mode est l'un de :

ISOLATION LEVEL { 
    SERIALIZABLE | REPEATABLE READ | READ COMMITTED
    | READ UNCOMMITTED
}
READ WRITE | READ ONLY

CHECKPOINT

Force un point de contrôle du journal des transactions.

CHECKPOINT

CLOSE

Fermer un curseur.

CLOSE name

CLUSTER

Regrouper une table en fonction d'un index.

CLUSTER index_name ON table_name
CLUSTER table_name
CLUSTER

COMMENT

Définir ou modifier le commentaire d'un objet.

COMMENT ON {
    TABLE object_name |
    COLUMN table_name.column_name |
    AGGREGATE agg_name (agg_type) |
    CAST (source_type AS target_type) |
    CONSTRAINT constraint_name ON table_name |
    CONVERSION object_name |
    DATABASE object_name |
    DOMAIN object_name |
    FUNCTION func_name (arg1_type, arg2_type, ...) |
    INDEX object_name |
    LARGE OBJECT large_object_oid |
    OPERATOR op (left_operand_type, right_operand_type) |
    OPERATOR CLASS object_name USING index_method |
    [ PROCEDURAL ] LANGUAGE object_name |
    RULE rule_name ON table_name |
    SCHEMA object_name |
    SEQUENCE object_name |
    TRIGGER trigger_name ON table_name |
    TYPE object_name |
    VIEW object_name
} 
IS 'text'

COMMIT

Valider la transaction en cours.

COMMIT [ WORK | TRANSACTION ]

COPY

Copier des données entre un fichier et une table.

COPY table_name [ ( column [, ...] ) ]
FROM { 'filename' | STDIN }
[ WITH ]
[ BINARY ]
[ OIDS ]
[ DELIMITER [ AS ] 'delimiter' ]
[ NULL [ AS ] 'null string' ]
[ CSV [ QUOTE [ AS ] 'quote' ]
[ ESCAPE [ AS ] 'escape' ]
[ FORCE NOT NULL column [, ...] ]
COPY table_name [ ( column [, ...] ) ]
TO { 'filename' | STDOUT }
[ [ WITH ]
[ BINARY ]
[ OIDS ]
[ DELIMITER [ AS ] 'delimiter' ]
[ NULL [ AS ] 'null string' ]
[ CSV [ QUOTE [ AS ] 'quote' ]
[ ESCAPE [ AS ] 'escape' ]
[ FORCE QUOTE column [, ...] ]

CREATE AGGREGATE

Définir une nouvelle fonction d'agrégation.

CREATE AGGREGATE name (
    BASETYPE = input_data_type,
    SFUNC = sfunc,
    STYPE = state_data_type
    [, FINALFUNC = ffunc ]
    [, INITCOND = initial_condition ]
)

CREATE CAST

Définir une nouvelle distribution.

CREATE CAST (source_type AS target_type)
WITH FUNCTION func_name (arg_types)
[ AS ASSIGNMENT | AS IMPLICIT ]
CREATE CAST (source_type AS target_type)
WITHOUT FUNCTION
[ AS ASSIGNMENT | AS IMPLICIT ]

CREATE CONSTRAINT TRIGGER

Définir un nouveau déclencheur de contrainte.

CREATE CONSTRAINT TRIGGER name
AFTER events ON
table_name constraint attributes
FOR EACH ROW EXECUTE PROCEDURE func_name ( args )

CREATE CONVERSION

Définir une nouvelle conversion.

CREATE [DEFAULT] CONVERSION name
FOR source_encoding TO dest_encoding FROM func_name

CREATE DATABASE

Créez une nouvelle base de données.

CREATE DATABASE name
[ [ WITH ] [ OWNER [=] db_owner ]
    [ TEMPLATE [=] template ]
    [ ENCODING [=] encoding ]
    [ TABLESPACE [=] tablespace ] 
]

CREATE DOMAIN

Définir un nouveau domaine.

CREATE DOMAIN name [AS] data_type
[ DEFAULT expression ]
[ constraint [ ... ] ]

Où la contrainte est :

[ CONSTRAINT constraint_name ]
{ NOT NULL | NULL | CHECK (expression) }

CREATE FUNCTION

Définir une nouvelle fonction.

CREATE [ OR REPLACE ] FUNCTION name ( [ [ arg_name ] arg_type [, ...] ] )
RETURNS ret_type
{ LANGUAGE lang_name
    | IMMUTABLE | STABLE | VOLATILE
    | CALLED ON NULL INPUT | RETURNS NULL ON NULL INPUT | STRICT
    | [ EXTERNAL ] SECURITY INVOKER | [ EXTERNAL ] SECURITY DEFINER
    | AS 'definition'
    | AS 'obj_file', 'link_symbol'
} ...
[ WITH ( attribute [, ...] ) ]

CREATE GROUP

Définir un nouveau groupe d'utilisateurs.

CREATE GROUP name [ [ WITH ] option [ ... ] ]
Where option can be:
SYSID gid
| USER username [, ...]

CREATE INDEX

Définir un nouvel index.

CREATE [ UNIQUE ] INDEX name ON table [ USING method ]
( { column | ( expression ) } [ opclass ] [, ...] )
[ TABLESPACE tablespace ]
[ WHERE predicate ]

CREATE LANGUAGE

Définir un nouveau langage procédural.

CREATE [ TRUSTED ] [ PROCEDURAL ] LANGUAGE name
HANDLER call_handler [ VALIDATOR val_function ]

CREATE OPERATOR

Définir un nouvel opérateur.

CREATE OPERATOR name (
    PROCEDURE = func_name
    [, LEFTARG = left_type ] [, RIGHTARG = right_type ]
    [, COMMUTATOR = com_op ] [, NEGATOR = neg_op ]
    [, RESTRICT = res_proc ] [, JOIN = join_proc ]
    [, HASHES ] [, MERGES ]
    [, SORT1 = left_sort_op ] [, SORT2 = right_sort_op ]
    [, LTCMP = less_than_op ] [, GTCMP = greater_than_op ]
)

CREATE OPERATOR CLASS

Définir une nouvelle classe d'opérateurs.

CREATE OPERATOR CLASS name [ DEFAULT ] FOR TYPE data_type
USING index_method AS
{ OPERATOR strategy_number operator_name [ ( op_type, op_type ) ] [ RECHECK ]
    | FUNCTION support_number func_name ( argument_type [, ...] )
    | STORAGE storage_type
} [, ... ]

CREATE RULE

Définir une nouvelle règle de réécriture.

CREATE [ OR REPLACE ] RULE name AS ON event
TO table [ WHERE condition ]
DO [ ALSO | INSTEAD ] { NOTHING | command | ( command ; command ... ) }

CREATE SCHEMA

Définir un nouveau schéma.

CREATE SCHEMA schema_name
[ AUTHORIZATION username ] [ schema_element [ ... ] ]
CREATE SCHEMA AUTHORIZATION username
[ schema_element [ ... ] ]

CREATE SEQUENCE

Définir un nouveau générateur de séquence.

CREATE [ TEMPORARY | TEMP ] SEQUENCE name
[ INCREMENT [ BY ] increment ]
[ MINVALUE minvalue | NO MINVALUE ]
[ MAXVALUE maxvalue | NO MAXVALUE ]
[ START [ WITH ] start ] [ CACHE cache ] [ [ NO ] CYCLE ]

CREATE TABLE

Définir une nouvelle table.

CREATE [ [ GLOBAL | LOCAL ] { 
    TEMPORARY | TEMP } ] TABLE table_name ( { 
        column_name data_type [ DEFAULT default_expr ] [ column_constraint [ ... ] ]
        | table_constraint
        | LIKE parent_table [ { INCLUDING | EXCLUDING } DEFAULTS ] 
    } [, ... ]
)
[ INHERITS ( parent_table [, ... ] ) ]
[ WITH OIDS | WITHOUT OIDS ]
[ ON COMMIT { PRESERVE ROWS | DELETE ROWS | DROP } ]
[ TABLESPACE tablespace ]

Où column_constraint est :

[ CONSTRAINT constraint_name ] { 
    NOT NULL |
    NULL |
    UNIQUE [ USING INDEX TABLESPACE tablespace ] |
    PRIMARY KEY [ USING INDEX TABLESPACE tablespace ] |
    CHECK (expression) |
    REFERENCES ref_table [ ( ref_column ) ]
    [ MATCH FULL | MATCH PARTIAL | MATCH SIMPLE ]
    [ ON DELETE action ] [ ON UPDATE action ] 
}
[ DEFERRABLE | NOT DEFERRABLE ] [ INITIALLY DEFERRED | INITIALLY IMMEDIATE ]

Et table_constraint est :

[ CONSTRAINT constraint_name ]
{ UNIQUE ( column_name [, ... ] ) [ USING INDEX TABLESPACE tablespace ] |
PRIMARY KEY ( column_name [, ... ] ) [ USING INDEX TABLESPACE tablespace ] |
CHECK ( expression ) |
FOREIGN KEY ( column_name [, ... ] )
REFERENCES ref_table [ ( ref_column [, ... ] ) ]
[ MATCH FULL | MATCH PARTIAL | MATCH SIMPLE ]
[ ON DELETE action ] [ ON UPDATE action ] }
[ DEFERRABLE | NOT DEFERRABLE ] [ INITIALLY DEFERRED | INITIALLY IMMEDIATE ]

CREATE TABLE AS

Définir une nouvelle table à partir des résultats d'une requête.

CREATE [ [ GLOBAL | LOCAL ] { TEMPORARY | TEMP } ] TABLE table_name
[ (column_name [, ...] ) ] [ [ WITH | WITHOUT ] OIDS ]
AS query

CREATE TABLESPACE

Définir un nouveau tablespace.

CREATE TABLESPACE tablespace_name [ OWNER username ] LOCATION 'directory'

CREATE TRIGGER

Définissez un nouveau déclencheur.

CREATE TRIGGER name { BEFORE | AFTER } { event [ OR ... ] }
ON table [ FOR [ EACH ] { ROW | STATEMENT } ]
EXECUTE PROCEDURE func_name ( arguments )

CREATE TYPE

Définir un nouveau type de données.

CREATE TYPE name AS
( attribute_name data_type [, ... ] )
CREATE TYPE name (
INPUT = input_function,
OUTPUT = output_function
[, RECEIVE = receive_function ]
[, SEND = send_function ]
[, ANALYZE = analyze_function ]
[, INTERNALLENGTH = { internal_length | VARIABLE } ]
[, PASSEDBYVALUE ]
[, ALIGNMENT = alignment ]
[, STORAGE = storage ]
[, DEFAULT = default ]
[, ELEMENT = element ]
[, DELIMITER = delimiter ]
)

CREATE USER

Définissez un nouveau compte d'utilisateur de la base de données.

CREATE USER name [ [ WITH ] option [ ... ] ]

Où l'option peut être :

SYSID uid
| [ ENCRYPTED | UNENCRYPTED ] PASSWORD 'password'
| CREATEDB | NOCREATEDB
| CREATEUSER | NOCREATEUSER
| IN GROUP group_name [, ...]
| VALID UNTIL 'abs_time'

CREATE VIEW

Définir une nouvelle vue.

CREATE [ OR REPLACE ] VIEW name [ ( column_name [, ...] ) ] AS query

DEALLOCATE

Désaffecter une déclaration préparée.

DEALLOCATE [ PREPARE ] plan_name

DECLARE

Définir un curseur.

DECLARE name [ BINARY ] [ INSENSITIVE ] [ [ NO ] SCROLL ]
CURSOR [ { WITH | WITHOUT } HOLD ] FOR query
[ FOR { READ ONLY | UPDATE [ OF column [, ...] ] } ]

DELETE

Supprimer les lignes d'un tableau.

DELETE FROM [ ONLY ] table [ WHERE condition ]

DROP AGGREGATE

Supprimer une fonction d'agrégation.

DROP AGGREGATE name ( type ) [ CASCADE | RESTRICT ]

DROP CAST

Enlever un plâtre.

DROP CAST (source_type AS target_type) [ CASCADE | RESTRICT ]

DROP CONVERSION

Remove a conversion.

DROP CONVERSION name [ CASCADE | RESTRICT ]

DROP DATABASE

Supprimer une base de données.

DROP DATABASE name

DROP DOMAIN

Supprimer un domaine.

DROP DOMAIN name [, ...] [ CASCADE | RESTRICT ]

DROP FUNCTION

Supprimer une fonction.

DROP FUNCTION name ( [ type [, ...] ] ) [ CASCADE | RESTRICT ]

DROP GROUP

Supprimer un groupe d'utilisateurs.

DROP GROUP name

DROP INDEX

Supprimer un index.

DROP INDEX name [, ...] [ CASCADE | RESTRICT ]

DROP LANGUAGE

Supprimer un langage procédural.

DROP [ PROCEDURAL ] LANGUAGE name [ CASCADE | RESTRICT ]

DROP OPERATOR

Supprimer un opérateur.

DROP OPERATOR name ( { left_type | NONE }, { right_type | NONE } )
[ CASCADE | RESTRICT ]

DROP OPERATOR CLASS

Supprimer une classe d'opérateur.

DROP OPERATOR CLASS name USING index_method [ CASCADE | RESTRICT ]

DROP RULE

Supprimer une règle de réécriture.

DROP RULE name ON relation [ CASCADE | RESTRICT ]

DROP SCHEMA

Supprimer un schéma.

DROP SCHEMA name [, ...] [ CASCADE | RESTRICT ]

DROP SEQUENCE

Supprimer une séquence.

DROP SEQUENCE name [, ...] [ CASCADE | RESTRICT ]

DROP TABLE

Retirer une table.

DROP TABLE name [, ...] [ CASCADE | RESTRICT ]

DROP TABLESPACE

Supprimer un tablespace.

DROP TABLESPACE tablespace_name

DROP TRIGGER

Retirer une gâchette.

DROP TRIGGER name ON table [ CASCADE | RESTRICT ]

DROP TYPE

Supprime un type de données.

DROP TYPE name [, ...] [ CASCADE | RESTRICT ]

DROP USER

Supprimez un compte d'utilisateur de base de données.

DROP USER name

DROP VIEW

Supprimer une vue.

DROP VIEW name [, ...] [ CASCADE | RESTRICT ]

END

Valider la transaction en cours.

END [ WORK | TRANSACTION ]

EXECUTE

Exécuter une déclaration préparée.

EXECUTE plan_name [ (parameter [, ...] ) ]

EXPLAIN

Afficher le plan d'exécution d'une instruction.

EXPLAIN [ ANALYZE ] [ VERBOSE ] statement

FETCH

Récupérer les lignes d'une requête à l'aide d'un curseur.

FETCH [ direction { FROM | IN } ] cursor_name

Où la direction peut être vide ou l'une de :

NEXT
PRIOR
FIRST
LAST
ABSOLUTE count
RELATIVE count
count
ALL
FORWARD
FORWARD count
FORWARD ALL
BACKWARD
BACKWARD count
BACKWARD ALL

GRANT

Définir les privilèges d'accès.

GRANT { { SELECT | INSERT | UPDATE | DELETE | RULE | REFERENCES | TRIGGER }
[,...] | ALL [ PRIVILEGES ] }
ON [ TABLE ] table_name [, ...]
TO { username | GROUP group_name | PUBLIC } [, ...] [ WITH GRANT OPTION ]

GRANT { { CREATE | TEMPORARY | TEMP } [,...] | ALL [ PRIVILEGES ] }
ON DATABASE db_name [, ...]
TO { username | GROUP group_name | PUBLIC } [, ...] [ WITH GRANT OPTION ]

GRANT { CREATE | ALL [ PRIVILEGES ] }
ON TABLESPACE tablespace_name [, ...]
TO { username | GROUP group_name | PUBLIC } [, ...] [ WITH GRANT OPTION ]

GRANT { EXECUTE | ALL [ PRIVILEGES ] }
ON FUNCTION func_name ([type, ...]) [, ...]
TO { username | GROUP group_name | PUBLIC } [, ...] [ WITH GRANT OPTION ]

GRANT { USAGE | ALL [ PRIVILEGES ] }
ON LANGUAGE lang_name [, ...]
TO { username | GROUP group_name | PUBLIC } [, ...] [ WITH GRANT OPTION ]

GRANT { { CREATE | USAGE } [,...] | ALL [ PRIVILEGES ] }
ON SCHEMA schema_name [, ...]
TO { username | GROUP group_name | PUBLIC } [, ...] [ WITH GRANT OPTION ]

INSERT

Créer de nouvelles lignes dans un tableau.

INSERT INTO table [ ( column [, ...] ) ]
{ DEFAULT VALUES | VALUES ( { expression | DEFAULT } [, ...] ) | query }

LISTEN

Écoutez une notification.

LISTEN name

LOAD

Charge ou recharge un fichier de bibliothèque partagée.

LOAD 'filename'

LOCK

Verrouillez une table.

LOCK [ TABLE ] name [, ...] [ IN lock_mode MODE ] [ NOWAIT ]

Où lock_mode est l'un de :

ACCESS SHARE | ROW SHARE | ROW EXCLUSIVE | SHARE UPDATE EXCLUSIVE
| SHARE | SHARE ROW EXCLUSIVE | EXCLUSIVE | ACCESS EXCLUSIVE

MOVE

Positionner un curseur.

MOVE [ direction { FROM | IN } ] cursor_name

NOTIFY

Générer une notification.

NOTIFY name

PREPARE

Préparer une déclaration pour l'exécution.

PREPARE plan_name [ (data_type [, ...] ) ] AS statement

REINDEX

Reconstruire les index.

REINDEX { DATABASE | TABLE | INDEX } name [ FORCE ]

RELEASE SAVEPOINT

Détruit un point de sauvegarde précédemment défini.

RELEASE [ SAVEPOINT ] savepoint_name

RESET

Restaure la valeur d'un paramètre d'exécution à la valeur par défaut.

RESET name
RESET ALL

REVOKE

Supprimer les privilèges d'accès.

REVOKE [ GRANT OPTION FOR ]
{ { SELECT | INSERT | UPDATE | DELETE | RULE | REFERENCES | TRIGGER }
[,...] | ALL [ PRIVILEGES ] }
ON [ TABLE ] table_name [, ...]
FROM { username | GROUP group_name | PUBLIC } [, ...]
[ CASCADE | RESTRICT ]

REVOKE [ GRANT OPTION FOR ]
{ { CREATE | TEMPORARY | TEMP } [,...] | ALL [ PRIVILEGES ] }
ON DATABASE db_name [, ...]
FROM { username | GROUP group_name | PUBLIC } [, ...]
[ CASCADE | RESTRICT ]

REVOKE [ GRANT OPTION FOR ]
{ CREATE | ALL [ PRIVILEGES ] }
ON TABLESPACE tablespace_name [, ...]
FROM { username | GROUP group_name | PUBLIC } [, ...]
[ CASCADE | RESTRICT ]

REVOKE [ GRANT OPTION FOR ]
{ EXECUTE | ALL [ PRIVILEGES ] }
ON FUNCTION func_name ([type, ...]) [, ...]
FROM { username | GROUP group_name | PUBLIC } [, ...]
[ CASCADE | RESTRICT ]

REVOKE [ GRANT OPTION FOR ]
{ USAGE | ALL [ PRIVILEGES ] }
ON LANGUAGE lang_name [, ...]
FROM { username | GROUP group_name | PUBLIC } [, ...]
[ CASCADE | RESTRICT ]

REVOKE [ GRANT OPTION FOR ]
{ { CREATE | USAGE } [,...] | ALL [ PRIVILEGES ] }
ON SCHEMA schema_name [, ...]
FROM { username | GROUP group_name | PUBLIC } [, ...]
[ CASCADE | RESTRICT ]

ROLLBACK

Abandonner la transaction en cours.

ROLLBACK [ WORK | TRANSACTION ]

ROLLBACK TO SAVEPOINT

Revenir à un point de sauvegarde.

ROLLBACK [ WORK | TRANSACTION ] TO [ SAVEPOINT ] savepoint_name

SAVEPOINT

Définir un nouveau point de sauvegarde dans la transaction en cours.

SAVEPOINT savepoint_name

SELECT

Récupérer les lignes d'une table ou d'une vue.

SELECT [ ALL | DISTINCT [ ON ( expression [, ...] ) ] ]
* | expression [ AS output_name ] [, ...]
[ FROM from_item [, ...] ]
[ WHERE condition ]
[ GROUP BY expression [, ...] ]
[ HAVING condition [, ...] ]
[ { UNION | INTERSECT | EXCEPT } [ ALL ] select ]
[ ORDER BY expression [ ASC | DESC | USING operator ] [, ...] ]
[ LIMIT { count | ALL } ]
[ OFFSET start ]
[ FOR UPDATE [ OF table_name [, ...] ] ]
Where from_item can be one of:
[ ONLY ] table_name [ * ] [ [ AS ] alias [ ( column_alias [, ...] ) ] ]
( select ) [ AS ] alias [ ( column_alias [, ...] ) ]
function_name ( [ argument [, ...] ] )
[ AS ] alias [ ( column_alias [, ...] | column_definition [, ...] ) ]
function_name ( [ argument [, ...] ] ) AS ( column_definition [, ...] )
from_item [ NATURAL ] join_type from_item
[ ON join_condition | USING ( join_column [, ...] ) ]

SELECT INTO

Définir une nouvelle table à partir des résultats d'une requête.

SELECT [ ALL | DISTINCT [ ON ( expression [, ...] ) ] ]
* | expression [ AS output_name ] [, ...]
INTO [ TEMPORARY | TEMP ] [ TABLE ] new_table
[ FROM from_item [, ...] ]
[ WHERE condition ]
[ GROUP BY expression [, ...] ]
[ HAVING condition [, ...] ]
[ { UNION | INTERSECT | EXCEPT } [ ALL ] select ]
[ ORDER BY expression [ ASC | DESC | USING operator ] [, ...] ]
[ LIMIT { count | ALL } ]
[ OFFSET start ]
[ FOR UPDATE [ OF table_name [, ...] ] ]

SET

Modifier un paramètre d'exécution.

SET [ SESSION | LOCAL ] name { TO | = } { value | 'value' | DEFAULT }
SET [ SESSION | LOCAL ] TIME ZONE { time_zone | LOCAL | DEFAULT }

SET CONSTRAINTS

Définir les modes de vérification des contraintes pour la transaction en cours.

SET CONSTRAINTS { ALL | name [, ...] } { DEFERRED | IMMEDIATE }

SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION

Définit l'identifiant de l'utilisateur de la session et l'identifiant de l'utilisateur actuel de la session en cours.

SET [ SESSION | LOCAL ] SESSION AUTHORIZATION username
SET [ SESSION | LOCAL ] SESSION AUTHORIZATION DEFAULT
RESET SESSION AUTHORIZATION

SET TRANSACTION

Définit les caractéristiques de la transaction en cours.

SET TRANSACTION transaction_mode [, ...]
SET SESSION CHARACTERISTICS AS TRANSACTION transaction_mode [, ...]

Où transaction_mode est l'un de -

ISOLATION LEVEL { SERIALIZABLE | REPEATABLE READ | READ COMMITTED
| READ UNCOMMITTED }
READ WRITE | READ ONLY

SHOW

Affiche la valeur d'un paramètre d'exécution.

SHOW name
SHOW ALL

START TRANSACTION

Démarrer un bloc de transaction.

START TRANSACTION [ transaction_mode [, ...] ]

Où transaction_mode est l'un de :

ISOLATION LEVEL { SERIALIZABLE | REPEATABLE READ | READ COMMITTED
| READ UNCOMMITTED }
READ WRITE | READ ONLY

TRUNCATE

Videz une table.

TRUNCATE [ TABLE ] name

UNLISTEN

Arrêtez d'écouter une notification.

UNLISTEN { name | * }

UPDATE

Mettre à jour les lignes d'une table.

UPDATE [ ONLY ] table SET column = { expression | DEFAULT } [, ...]
[ FROM from_list ]
[ WHERE condition ]

VACUUM

Collecte des ordures et éventuellement analyse d'une base de données.

VACUUM [ FULL ] [ FREEZE ] [ VERBOSE ] [ table ]
VACUUM [ FULL ] [ FREEZE ] [ VERBOSE ] ANALYZE [ table [ (column [, ...] ) ] ]